Progesterone protection of the mammary gland. VII interdisciplinary forum “Breast Medicine”. Besins Healthcare Satellite Symposium RUS

Estrogen

Women's sex hormones are represented by estradiol and its transformation products (estron, estriol). Their bulk appears in the ovaries, some are produced in the adrenal glands and adipose tissue. They have the most active effect on the mammary gland at the beginning of the menstrual cycle, causing cells to actively divide. This is necessary to perform the required function in full in the event of conception. Thanks to these hormones, the number and length of the milk ducts increase.

Estrogens are needed for egg maturation. Their increase slows down and stops the production of breast milk. Estrogen activates metabolic processes in bone tissue, increasing the rate of skeleton formation. At the same time, they influence lipid metabolism, lowering cholesterol levels in the blood.

The effectiveness of creams and tablets

The positive results from the use of cosmetics and pills for breast enlargement are doubtful for a reason. Advertising websites, booklets, packaging and “instructions for use” contain only vague statements about the effectiveness of a particular brand, which are not supported by evidence. Manufacturers avoid questions about conducted medical studies, serious scientific publications, experience in using this drug in clinical practice and possible complications. And the answer to such questions is simple - the brand has not undergone any research and statements about its effectiveness are a banal marketing ploy.

The volume of the breast is not amenable to conservative correction. You can indirectly influence bust size and increase breast size through constant training with an emphasis on the upper body or by increasing body fat with a high-calorie diet. In this case, the volume of the gland itself does not change in any way; breast enlargement occurs due to muscle or fatty tissue around the gland.

The fact is that a drug designed for breast enlargement must have a number of pharmacological effects. Suppose that tablets or ointments appear on the market that enhance the growth of glandular tissue and enlarge the mammary gland itself. In this case, from a number of dietary supplements and cosmetics, they would move into the category of drugs with an impressive list of contraindications and side effects, identified after many clinical studies. Before entering the pharmacological market, such an innovative drug would be at the stage of development and study for at least 5-7 years and only then would it undergo certification.

Special attention should be paid to the possible consequences of using this drug. An increase in breast volume due to the rapid growth of glandular tissue can lead to disruption of regulatory mechanisms, which in turn would increase the risk of malignant neoplasms.

Augmentation mammoplasty is the main method of breast augmentation. Non-surgical methods of correction are ineffective and short-lived. Buying a tube of cream or a package of tablets cannot solve the problem. If this were possible, then plastic medicine, in particular mammoplasty, would not exist at all. Agree, it’s easier to lubricate your breasts or take a pill than to prepare for surgery and go through all the stages of the rehabilitation period.

Every year, the relevance of augmentation mammoplasty increases, the number of operations and satisfied patients increases. This allows us to conclude that surgery is the most effective and safe way to correct breast size.

Thyroid hormones

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine are responsible for the regulation of metabolic processes. They also activate the synthesis of prolactin and increase the sensitivity of receptors to it.

The group of hormones that affect the functions of the mammary gland also includes androgens, insulin, and somatropic hormone. Their balance is no less important for the normal development and health of the female breast than the level of the “essential” hormones listed above.

Bust sizes

Experts believe that breast size is programmed genetically and is passed down through the female line.
But it can be influenced by other external and internal factors. Therefore, you can actually increase your bust volume by 1-2 sizes on your own without radical intervention in the body. It is especially important during puberty not to interfere with its normal growth. Today there is a tendency to wear underwear a size smaller than necessary. Girls believe that by squeezing their breasts, they emphasize their shape more favorably and visually enlarge them. In fact, this impairs blood circulation and can lead to serious diseases of the mammary glands.

Those who regularly play sports always have a beautiful, round and firm bust. This result is achieved by supporting it with the pectoral muscles. They reliably hold it in the correct position and do not allow it to drop too much. But you need to take care to buy a quality sports bra for training.

A varied healthy diet also plays an important role. The condition of the skin, its firmness and elasticity depend on it. With a lack of vitamins, it becomes thinner, easily stretched, and cannot normally maintain weight even of 2-3 sizes.

The worst thing is when a woman’s body weight fluctuates like a pendulum. With a sharp increase in it, stretch marks often appear. And with rapid weight loss, the breasts sag a lot.

The most important hormone that promotes the development of breast cancer is estrogen.

The characteristics of its production are influenced by various factors, and they are risk factors for breast cancer .

So, what are these factors:

• Time of onset of the first menstruation (menarche). The average age is 12-13 years, the earlier they occur, the greater the risk, proven based on a study of 8,500 women aged 20 to 74 years.
• Pregnancies: age of first pregnancy, number of pregnancies, abortions. The more pregnancies and births there are, the earlier the first pregnancy occurs, the lower the risk of breast cancer, because ovulation does not occur during lactation and pregnancy, and estrogens do not attack the breasts. Abortion, on the contrary, slightly increases the percentage of malignant diseases: the ducts prepare for breastfeeding, epithelial cells actively divide and grow, but then the pregnancy is interrupted and these cells can become the basis for mutations in the future.
• Breastfeeding for more than 6 months, like pregnancy, protects against ovulation, reducing risks.
• Time of menopause. Late onset of menopause leads to a widening of the estrogen window, and therefore an increased risk of breast cancer.
• The influx of hubbub from outside. The use of hormone replacement therapy after the end of ovarian function. It is believed that taking such drugs for up to 10 years is absolutely safe.

Contraceptives do not add estrogen, but provide a woman with an even amount of hormones received. Cancer risks do not increase with their use. Moreover, they reduce the risk of developing benign pathologies of the mammary glands, such as mastopathy.

Why is there not enough iron?

Iron deficiency can develop in both adults and children; there are many reasons for this. This disease cannot be ignored, because due to a lack of oxygen, all organs of our body suffer, but this condition is especially dangerous for the brain.

Iron is not produced in the body on its own, therefore, to maintain the required norm, a combination of a number of factors is important, such as nutrition, food digestibility and the presence of any diseases.

The most common causes of iron deficiency anemia include:

1. Insufficient intake of iron from food. Irregular and unbalanced diet is one of the main causes of iron deficiency. Vegetarians, as well as people who subject themselves to strict diets, are at risk. Also, iron deficiency anemia can develop against the background of a decrease in the level of iron absorption in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as in old age.

2. Chronic blood loss associated with diseases: frequent nosebleeds, heavy menstruation, gastrointestinal bleeding, helminthiasis, chronic infections and other pathologies. Acute blood loss as a result of injury or uncontrolled donation can also lead to iron deficiency.

3. Individual increase in daily iron intake. The body's need for iron may increase during active growth in children and adolescents, in girls during the formation of the menstrual cycle, in pregnant and lactating women, during intense physical exertion, etc.

Symptoms and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia

In the modern rhythm of life, the symptoms of iron deficiency can be confused with the manifestations of many other diseases, so to make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment, you need to visit a doctor and get tested.

Indications for breast augmentation surgery

Breast augmentation is carried out at the request of women. There are no medical indications as such.

Surgical intervention is performed in the following cases:

• noticeable asymmetry;
• micromastia or small breast size;
• change in the shape of the mammary glands: sagging after the birth of a child or as a result of age-related changes.

Types of procedure

The most popular breast augmentation surgery is implantation of endoprostheses. Modern technologies make it possible to reproduce the desired shape of the mammary glands with varying degrees of aesthetic defect.

Breast augmentation with implants is carried out using a technique selected by the surgeon. It is oriented:

• on the anatomical features of the glands;
• condition of musculoskeletal structures;
• client's wishes regarding size.

There are different ways to install dentures. They are distinguished by their position in relation to the pectoral muscle and the method of surgical access.

Depending on this, the following types of intervention are distinguished:

• under the pectoralis major muscle;
• just under the breast tissue;
• under the fascia of the pectoralis major muscle;
• combined view, when the implant is located under the mammary gland and muscle.

Types of operations depending on access

The doctor selects the shape and size of the implants, which are consistent with the woman’s opinion. Any chosen option is installed through a small incision, which ensures minor tissue damage.

There are several types of operations depending on access. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages:

1. In the area of ​​the nipple, or periareolar approach, it has the best aesthetic effect. After the intervention, a slight seam remains near the nipple. Over time, it ceases to be visible completely. The method has the following negative aspects: nipple sensitivity is slowly restored, and in some women it disappears completely. In rare cases, difficulty with poor healing may occur.
2. An incision in the armpit, or axillary approach, is the most popular method of inserting implants. This is due to the fact that the armpit is invisible to prying eyes; it is not possible to see the seam in this place. Over time, with regular depilation, scar tissue becomes less noticeable. The operation has some difficulties, so it is performed by experienced surgeons.
3. An incision under the mammary gland, or submammary approach, is characterized as the easiest way to place implants.

Which implants are best to choose?

Breast augmentation is accompanied by the choice of implant, which depends on:

• on the parameters of the mammary glands;
• soft tissue volume;
• financial capabilities of the client.

Each implant has advantages and disadvantages, as well as indications and contraindications for installation.

The prosthesis includes different fillings:

1. Silicone gel - holds its shape perfectly, feels natural to the touch, and is most often installed above the pectoral muscle. Breast augmentation with implants is most often carried out with its help.
2. Salt filler, which is a solution of sodium chloride. It is soft to the touch and is rarely used due to the high risk of mechanical damage. An important advantage is that the shape of the implant can be changed during the operation.
3. Breast augmentation can be performed using materials that contain natural polymers. After surgery, the breasts have a natural shape and firmness to the touch. The implant itself is easy to install.

Implant shape:

• anatomical - helps eliminate asymmetry, is used after operations for classic enlargement of glands, giving shape and size.
• round - helps to give a more attractive look to the neckline;
• anatomical with a high profile is necessary to lift the chest.

Depending on the type of surface, implants can be:

• smooth - well and quickly distributed in the resulting pocket, their shell is fragile;
• textured - characterized by good engraftment, tight fixation in the pocket, mechanical damage occurs very rarely, but there is a possibility of folds forming on the skin in the area where the implant is located.

Contraindications to breast enlargement

The operation is not performed if the following pathological conditions are present:

• AIDS virus;
• type 1 diabetes mellitus;
• blood clotting disorders;
• endocrine disorders;
• diseases of the heart and blood vessels;
• tumors of a malignant nature;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding;
• infectious diseases;
• inflammatory process;
• age less than 18 years.

Enlargement of the mammary glands requires stopping the use of medications that thin the blood on the eve of surgery. Surgery is not performed during menstruation.

Expected Result

Implantation allows you to get an excellent aesthetic result, while changes in the breast are noted:

• forms;
• size;
• outlines

Breast augmentation - before and after photos

Preparing for anesthesia and procedure

Previously, the woman collects the necessary tests, undergoes instrumental studies, if necessary, consults with related specialists. The day before the intervention you must:

• refuse food;
• limit fluid intake;
• do not drink alcohol.

At the preparatory stage, tests are collected, additional research is carried out, and implants are selected. The doctor decides which access will be used.

The intervention itself takes approximately 2 hours under general anesthesia. This is followed by a period of rehabilitation.

Rehabilitation after the procedure

The duration of the recovery period depends on the complexity of the operation. At first, it is mandatory to wear compression garments. It is forbidden to sleep on your stomach, lift heavy objects, or take a bath.

After a month, you can go to bed without underwear; your breasts should be protected from blows and pressure. From the third month you can sleep on your stomach and do physical exercises.

Possible complications

The following complications are possible after implantation:

• seroma;
• hematoma;
• keloid scars;
• inflammation of soft tissues;
• capsular contracture;
• damage to the implant shell;
• implant displacement;
• ripping;
• deformation of the chest in the form of a double fold.

What does the cost depend on?

The main factors influencing the cost in Moscow:

• the material from which the implant is made and its filler;
• implant shape - anatomical ones are more expensive;
• specific characteristics of the body;
• clinic pricing policy.

At the Miracle Doctor clinic, implantation is carried out:

• doctors with extensive experience;
• using high quality implants;
• at an affordable price;
• with minimal risk of complications.